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THREE QUOTES AND YOU'RE OUT

by Bill Singer, Esq.

On Friday November 24, 2000, the day after Thanksgiving Day, NASD members will gain some welcome relief from the Three Quote Rule. Make sure you understand these important changes.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) recently approved a National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (NASD) proposal to amend the so-called Three Quote Rule, as reflected in NASD Conduct Rules 2320 [Best Execution and Interpositioning] and 3110 [Books and Records].

Present NASD Rule 2320(a) provides in pertinent part that

In any transaction for or with a customer, a member and persons associated with a member shall use reasonable diligence to ascertain the best inter-dealer market for the subject security and buy or sell in such market so that the resultant price to the customer is as favorable as possible under prevailing market conditions . . .

Present NASD Rule 2320(g)(1) provides that

In any transaction for or with a customer pertaining to the execution of an order in a non-NASDAQ security (as defined in the Rule 6700 Series), a member or person associated with a member, shall contact and obtain quotations from three dealers (or all dealers if three or less) to determine the best inter-dealer market for the subject security.

Too Much of a Good Thing?

The current rules require a member to contact and obtain quotations from up to three dealers when executing customer non-NASDAQ trades. The purpose behind this verification process was to ensure that the customer’s trade wound up at the best inter-dealer market. In reality the practice often had the opposite effect. Given fast moving and volatile markets, customers frequently found that they received poor executions because of the inherent delays in their broker-dealer’s obligation to manually contact and obtain quotation verification.

In formulating the proposed rule change, NASD acknowledged that the “market for non-NASDAQ securities has changed dramatically . . . [and] [b]ecause of the rapid growth in the market for non-NASDAQ securities, in some instances, the existing Three Quote Rule has hindered, rather than further, investor protection by causing significant delays in obtaining executions of customer orders.”


So, let’s break the new rule down into its important components.

First off, new Rule 2320(g)(1) still requires verification with three dealers or all dealers (if there are three or less). But here's the significant difference:

then you do not need to undertake previously required contact and obtain verification.


First, what’s a “non-NASDAQ security?”

NASD Systems and Programs Rule 6710(c) defines a Non-NASDAQ security as

[A]ny security that is neither included in the NASDAQ Stock Market nor traded on any national securities exchange. . .

Are there any requirements pertaining to a member’s submission of a “priced quotation?”

Under the terms of new Rule 2320(g)(2), members displaying priced quotations on a real-time basis for a non-NASDAQ security in two or more quotation mediums that permit quotation updates on a real-time basis must display the same priced quotations for the security in each medium.

In Plain English, for any given stock, if you can enter real-time quotes --- and you do --- then you better make sure that your quotes are the same among the various quotation mediums. And that’s going to apply to customer limit orders.

What is a quotation medium?

Pursuant to new Rule 2320(g)(4), a quotation medium is any inter-dealer quotation system or any publication or electronic communications network (ECN) or other device that is used by brokers or dealers to make known to others their interest in transactions in any security, including offers to buy or sell at a stated price or otherwise, or invitations or offers to buy or sell.

In Plain English, an inter-dealer quotation system that’s used by brokers or dealers for quotation purposes becomes a quotation medium. A quotation medium not only embraces existing ECNs but also allows some flexibility as to emerging systems. Similarly, a quotation medium is not limited to devices that reflect offers to buy or sell at a stated price, but includes “invitations” of offers are encompassed in the definition.

Well, to beg the question, then what’s an inter-dealer quotation system?

Pursuant to new Rule 2320(g)(3), an inter-dealer quotation system is one of general circulation to brokers or dealers that regularly disseminates real-time quotations of identified brokers or dealers.

In Plain English, an inter-dealer quotation system must be generally available to brokers or dealers and must regularly disseminate real--time quotes of brokers or dealers. This would tend to rule out, for example, web sites that display offers by public customers or systems that episodically display quotes, but do not do so on a regular basis.

Some of the subtle points you might miss.

QUESTION: Supposing that Dealer1 has one quote for XYZ on the OTC Bulletin Board (OTCBB) and a second quote on the Electronic Quotation Service operated by Pink Sheets LLC (the Pink Sheets) and a third quote on some other quotation system. Does Dealer1 have three quotes for purpose of Rule 2320?

ANSWER: No!

Why does that matter?

Well, you could not reference the three separate quotes as evidence of the threshold “two or more priced quotations” for purposes of avoiding the contact and obtain obligation. Each dealer’s quotes are deemed as one quote, for purposes of Rule 2320. Additionally, NASDR has specifically noted in Notice to Members 00-78 (November 2000, Three Quote Rule) that

Members that display different priced quotations in different quotation mediums for the same security can be confusing and misleading to other market participants, and, more importantly, to public investors. Moreover, requiring that members display consistent priced quotations in multiple quotation mediums will enhance the ability of other market participants to ascertain the best inter-dealer market for a security.

What happens to the obligation under Rule 3110(b)(2) to indicate on the order ticket for each non-NASDAQ transaction the name of each dealer contacted and the quotation received?

NASDR Conduct Rule 3110(b)(2){Books and Records) Marking of Customer Order Tickets required members to indicate on the order ticket for a non-Nasdaq security the name of each dealer contacted and the quotation received to determine the best inter-dealer market. This undertaking will be eliminated November 24, 2000:

when two or more priced quotations are displayed
in an inter-dealer quotation system
IF the system permits real-time quotation updates
AND NASDR has access to the quotation data.

Although NASDR has such data for OTCBB, it does not presently have similar documentation for the Pink Sheets. Accordingly, a proposed rule change is pending (SR-NASD-00-42) to require members publishing quotes in the Pink Sheets or any similar automated quotation system to record and maintain priced quotations and unpriced indications of interest data and to report such to NASDR upon request.

Consequently, effective November 24, 2000, a member would not be required under Rule 2320(g) to call a market maker to verify a firm quotation in the electronic Pink Sheets; however, the member would still be required to undertake the Rule 3110 order ticket notation of the dealer’s name, the quotation received, and the identity of the applicable inter-dealer quotation system.

Under NASD Code of Procedure Rule 9610 {Procedures for Exemptions} Application, a member may seek an exemption from the Three Quote Rule by filing a written request with NASD Staff.

For more information see Release No. 34-43319 (September 21, 2000), 65 Fed Reg. 58589 (September 29, 2000) (File No. SR-NASD-00-20); NASD Notice to Members 00-70 (Three Quote Rule)

For future reference: monitor Release No. 34-43367 (September 27, 2000), 65 Fed Reg. 59482 (October 5, 2000) (File No. SR-NASD-00-42) [Pink Sheet historical data]






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