A "qualified domestic relation order" (QDRO) is a domestic
relations order that creates or recognizes the existence of an alternate
payee's right to receive, or assigns to an alternate payee the right to
receive, all or a portion of the benefits payable with respect to a
participant under a retirement plan, and that includes certain information
and meets certain other requirements.ERISA § 206(d)(3)(B)(i); IRC §
414(p)(1)(A).
A domestic relations order is a judgment, decree, or
order (including the approval of a property settlement) that is made
pursuant to state domestic relations law (including community property
law) and that relates to the provision of child support, alimony payments,
or marital property rights for the benefit of a spouse, former spouse,
child, or other dependent of a participant.
A state authority, generally a court, must actually
issue a judgment, order, or decree or otherwise formally approve a
property settlement agreement before it can be a domestic relations order
under ERISA. The mere fact that a property settlement is agreed to and
signed by the parties will not, in and of itself, cause the agreement to
be a domestic relations order.
There is no requirement that both parties to a marital
proceeding sign or otherwise endorse or approve an order. It is also not
necessary that the retirement plan be brought into state court or made a
party to a domestic relations proceeding for an order issued in that
proceeding to be a domestic relations order or a qualified domestic
relations order. Indeed, because state law is generally preempted to the
extent that it relates to retirement plans, the United States Department of Labor takes the position
that retirement plans cannot be joined as a party in a domestic relations
proceeding pursuant to state law. Moreover, retirement plans are neither
permitted nor required to follow the terms of domestic relations orders
purporting to assign retirement benefits unless they are QDROs.
ERISA §§ 206(d)(3)(B)(ii), 514(a),
514(b)(7); IRC § 414(p)(1)(B)
FOR MORE DETAILS, VISIT: http://www.dol.gov/ebsa/faqs/faq_qdro.html