Securities Industry Commentator by Bill Singer Esq

September 20, 2022

















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September 20, 2022

(BrokeAndBroker.com Blog)
https://www.brokeandbroker.com/6673/sec-owb-oig/
The SEC's Office of Inspector General issued a scathing investigative report about the SEC's former Ombudsman. What's set out in the OIG report is just another sordid example of piss-poor management whereby large government bureaucracies are run by folks lacking the ability to effectively manage their agencies. The allegations of misconduct at the SEC's Office of the Ombudsman from 2017 through 2020 during the tenure of former SEC Chair Jay Clayton are disconcerting enough; however, in 2022, we now wrestle with SEC Chair Gary Gensler's lack of disclosure to Congress about OIG's investigative findings during his September 15, 2022, Senate Banking Committee testimony. Gensler's omission is all the more troubling because the former SEC Ombudsman had presented misleading information in four Annual Reports to the Congress. 

Former U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Assistant Inspector General Convicted of Falsifying Financial Disclosure Forms (DOJ Release)
https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/former-us-department-housing-and-urban-development-assistant-inspector-general-convicted
Former Assistant Inspector General for the Department of Housing and Urban Development ("HUD") Eghbal "Eddie" Saffarinia was convicted after a jury trial in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia of one count of concealing material facts, three counts of making false statements, and three counts of falsifying a record or document.  As alleged in part in the DOJ Release:

[S]affarinia, 62, of Alexandria, Virginia, engaged in a scheme to conceal material facts, including the nature and extent of his financial relationship with a personal friend who was the owner and chief executive officer of an information technology company. During a period in which Saffarinia received payments and loans from his friend totaling $80,000, Saffarinia disclosed confidential internal government information to his friend and undertook efforts to steer government contracts and provide competitive advantages and preferential treatment to his friend's company. Saffarinia also failed to disclose this financial relationship and another large promissory note on his public financial disclosure forms.

https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdoh/pr/area-man-who-claimed-be-african-prince-convicted-jury-several-fraud-crimes
After a jury trial in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, Daryl Robert Harrison a/k/a Prince Daryl R. Attipoe a/k/a Prophet Daryl R. Attipoe was convicted of mail and wire fraud, conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud, and witness tampering. As alleged in part in the DOJ Release:

[F]rom January 2014 until September 2020, Harrison defrauded victims who thought they were investing in African trucking and mining companies.

Harrison - falsely holding himself out to be a royal prince from the African national of Ghana - told investors he had direct connections with these companies, and that they could expect an investment return of 28 to 33 percent.

Harrison and his stepfather claimed to be ministers with Power House of Prayer Ministries, which sponsored religious services in various church facilities and private residences throughout the Greater Dayton area, Southwestern Ohio area and Parker, Colorado. Many investor victims were members of the congregation.

Harrison routinely withdrew thousands of dollars in cash from the Ministries bank accounts shortly after receiving investments. Harrison and his stepfather used the investment funds to rent a house in Colorado, purchase luxury vehicles, airplane tickets, hotel accommodations and rental cars.


https://www.sec.gov/enforce/ia-6139-s
Without admitting or denying the findings in an SEC Order
https://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6139.pdf, registered investment adviser Toews consented to a a cease-and-desist order, a Censure, and agreed to pay a $150,000 civil monetary penalty. The SEC Order found that Toews violated Sections 206(2) and 206(4) of the Advisers Act and Rule 206(4)-6 thereunder. As alleged in part in the SEC Release:

[F]rom January 2017 through January 2022, Toews directed a third-party service provider it engaged to cast proxy votes on behalf of registered investment companies ("RICs") Toews managed to always vote in favor of proposals put forth by the issuers' management and against any shareholder proposals.  According to the SEC's order, in connection with over two hundred shareholder meetings, Toews caused the third-party service provider to vote the RICs' securities pursuant to this standing instruction without exception and without any review by Toews of the proxy materials associated with those votes. Toews did not otherwise take steps to determine whether the votes were cast in the RICs' best interests and failed to implement policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that Toews voted proxies in its clients' best interests, as required by the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
We are unable to support this action, which may affect how investment advisers shape their proxy voting policies and procedures. The Commission's Order finds that Toews Corporation ("Toews"), a registered investment adviser, violated Sections 206(2) and 206(4) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 ("Advisers Act"), and Rule 206(4)-6 thereunder (the "proxy voting rule"), when it caused a third-party service provider to vote client proxies pursuant to a standing instruction without any review by Toews of the proxy materials associated with those votes. In particular, Toews instructed the third-party service provider always to vote all client proxies in favor of the proposals put forth by the issuers' management and against any shareholder proposals. Importantly, the Order does not make any findings that the adviser's clients would have been financially better off had the adviser cast any of the votes at issue in an alternative manner. The Order also does not find that any of the votes cast were the product of a conflict of interest.[1]

We are concerned that the Order may be misconstrued regarding an adviser's fiduciary duties with respect to voting proxies on behalf of its clients, as well as the specific requirements imposed by the proxy voting rule.[2]

In stating that the adviser "has revised its proxy voting policies and procedures to address the issues raised by the facts described,"[3] the Order might be read to imply that the adviser's prior proxy voting practices were per se improper and violate the Advisers Act and the proxy voting rule.[4] This implication, however, would be at odds with the Commission's own guidance that "[a] client and its investment adviser may agree that the investment adviser should exercise voting authority pursuant to specific parameters designed to serve the client's best interest," such as by voting in accordance with the voting recommendations of management of the issuer.[5]

Consistent with the adviser's fiduciary duties and in compliance with the proxy voting rule, an adviser and its client can agree that a "standing instruction" approach to proxy voting is in the best interest of the client. For example, the cost of reviewing and analyzing individual matters may outweigh any corresponding increase in the value of the issuers' securities. The adopting release for the proxy voting rule recognizes that the adviser may take cost into account when determining how to satisfy its fiduciary duties. The release recognizes that, at times, "refraining from voting a proxy [may be] in the client's best interest, such as when the adviser determines that the cost of voting the proxy exceeds the expected benefit to the client."[6]

Costs incurred by smaller investment advisers to review and analyze each matter submitted for a shareholder vote likely will be passed on to clients. Toews is not a large adviser with hundreds of employees and trillions under management. According to its most recent Form ADV, Toews reported about $1.25 billion in assets under management and 17 employees who perform investment advisory functions. Given that the majority of investment advisers fall within this category, incorrect implications drawn from the Order potentially could have wide-ranging consequences.[7]

Accordingly, we dissent.

[1] The adopting release for the proxy voting rule states that "[a]n adviser that votes securities based on a pre-determined voting policy could demonstrate that its vote was not a product of a conflict of interest if the application of the policy to the matter presented to shareholders involved little discretion on the part of the adviser." See Proxy Voting by Investment Advisers, Release No. IA-2106 (Jan. 31, 2003) [68 FR 6585, 6588 (Feb. 7, 2003)], available at https://www.sec.gov/rules/final/ia-2106.htm.

[2] The adopting release for the proxy voting rule states that, while the issue of how an adviser must exercise its proxy voting authority is not specifically addressed in the federal securities laws, "[u]nder the Advisers Act…an adviser is a fiduciary that owes each of its clients duties of care and loyalty with respect to all services undertaken on the client's behalf, including proxy voting." Id., at 6586.

[3] In the Matter of Toews Corporation, Release No. IA-6139 (Sept. 20, 2022), at paragraph 6, available at https://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6139.pdf.

[4] The Order also focuses on discrepancies between the adviser's disclosures to clients regarding its proxy voting practices and the manner in which the adviser actually voted clients' proxies. However, the cure for a disclosure-related violation presumably would be to revise the deficient disclosures. Here, the Order highlights revisions to the underlying proxy voting policies and procedures as "addressing the issues" described in the Order.

[5] See Commission Guidance Regarding Proxy Voting Responsibilities of Investment Advisers, Release No. IA-5325 (Aug. 21, 2019) [84 FR 47420, 47422 (Sept. 10, 2019)], available at https://www.sec.gov/rules/interp/2019/ia-5325.pdf. Although the guidance states that such an arrangement "could" be subject to conditions, such as a condition that the investment adviser conduct additional analysis where the voting recommendation concerns a matter that may present heightened management conflicts of interest or involve a type of matter of particular interest to the investment adviser's client, the guidance does not state that such conditions are necessary. Id.

[6] See Release No. IA-2106, supra note 1, at 6587. See also Release No. IA-5325, supra note 5, at 47426.

[7] One recent survey found that over 88% of investment advisers are small businesses employing 50 or fewer people, and two-thirds of investment advisers both employ 50 or fewer people and have less than $1 billion in assets under management. See Investment Adviser Association Industry Snapshot 2022: Evolution Revolution Reimagined, 2nd Edition, available at https://investmentadviser.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Snapshot2022.pdf.

Order Determining Whistleblower Award Claims ('34 Act Release No. 34-95834; Whistleblower Award Proc. File No. 2022-86)
https://www.sec.gov/rules/other/2022/34-95834.pdf
The SEC's Claims Review Staff ("CRS") issued Preliminary Determinations recommending that Claimant receive a Whistleblower Award for about $1.5 million for a Covered Action and Related Action. The Commission ordered that OWB's recommendations be approved. The Order asserts in part that [Ed: footnote omitted]:

[T]he record demonstrates that Claimant voluntarily provided original information to the Commission, and that this information led to the successful enforcement of the Covered Action and the Other Agency Action. REDACTED the information Claimant provided to the Commission was valuable, on point, and conserved Commission resources. And Claimant did provide ongoing assistance to the Other Agency.

https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2022-168
Without admitting or denying the findings in an SEC Order
https://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/2022/34-95832.pdf, Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC  ("MSSB") consented to finding that the firm violated the Safeguards and Disposal Rules under Regulation S-P when it failed to protec the Personal Identifying Information ("PII") of about 15 million customers. MSSB agreed to pay a $35 million penalty. As alleged in part in the SEC Release:

[A]s far back as 2015, MSSB failed to properly dispose of devices containing its customers' PII. On multiple occasions, MSSB hired a moving and storage company with no experience or expertise in data destruction services to decommission thousands of hard drives and servers containing the PII of millions of its customers. Moreover, according to the SEC's order, over several years, MSSB failed to properly monitor the moving company's work. The staff's investigation found that the moving company sold to a third party thousands of MSSB devices including servers and hard drives, some of which contained customer PII, and which were eventually resold on an internet auction site without removal of such customer PII. While MSSB recovered some of the devices, which were shown to contain thousands of pieces of unencrypted customer data, the firm has not recovered the vast majority of the devices.

The SEC's order also finds that MSSB failed to properly safeguard customer PII and properly dispose of consumer report information when it decommissioned local office and branch servers as part of a broader hardware refresh program. A records reconciliation exercise undertaken by the firm during this decommissioning process revealed that 42 servers, all potentially containing unencrypted customer PII and consumer report information, were missing. Moreover, during this process, MSSB also learned that the local devices being decommissioned had been equipped with encryption capability, but that the firm had failed to activate the encryption software for years.

https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2022-167
The SEC's order finds that Sparkster and Daya violated the offering registration provisions of Sections 5(a) and 5(c) of the Securities Act of 1933. Without admitting or denying the findings in an SEC Order:

  • Sparkster Ltd agreed to destroy its remaining tokens, request the removal of its tokens from trading platforms, and publish the SEC Order on its website and social media channels; and the company will pay $30 million in disgorgement, $4,624,754 in prejudgment interest, and a $500,000 civil penalty; and
  • Chief Executive Officer Sajjad Daya agreed to refrain, for a period of five years, from participating in offerings of crypto asset securities; and he will pay a $250,000 civil penalty.
In a Complaint filed in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas
https://www.sec.gov/litigation/complaints/2022/comp-pr2022-167.pdf, Ian Balina was charged with violating the offering registration provisions of Section 5(a) and (c) of the Securities Act and with violating Section 17(b) of the Act. As alleged in part in the SEC Release:

According to the SEC's order, Sparkster and Daya raised $30 million from 4,000 investors in the United States and abroad by offering and selling crypto asset securities called SPRK tokens to raise money to further develop Sparkster's "no-code" software platform. As stated in the order, Sparkster and Daya told investors that SPRK tokens would increase in value, that Sparkster management would continue to improve Sparkster, and that they would make the tokens available on a crypto trading platform. The order also finds that the SPRK tokens, as offered and sold, were securities, were not registered with the SEC, and were not applicable for a registration exemption.

According to the SEC's complaint against Balina filed in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas, he purchased $5 million worth of SPRK tokens and promoted SPRK tokens on YouTube, Telegram, and other social media platforms from approximately May 2018 to July 2018. Balina allegedly failed to disclose that Sparkster had agreed to provide him a 30 percent bonus on the tokens that he purchased, as consideration for his promotional efforts. Balina also allegedly organized an investing pool of at least 50 individuals to whom he offered and sold SPRK tokens, despite not registering the offering with the SEC as required by federal securities laws and despite the lack of an applicable exemption from registration.

https://www.sec.gov/litigation/litreleases/2022/lr25511.htm
Without admitting or denying liability, Aaron B. Fletcher and Twin Spires Financial LLC consented to the entry of judgments the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana of Final Judgments
https://www.sec.gov/litigation/litreleases/2022/judg25511.pdf enjoining them from, among other things, future violations of the anti-fraud and municipal advisor registration provisions of the federal securities laws and ordering them to pay, on a joint and several basis: (a) disgorgement of $26,303 and prejudgment interest of $6,642.88; and (2) a $200,000 civil penalty. As alleged in part in the SEC Release:

[I]n 2017 and 2018 the town of Sterlington, Louisiana issued two revenue bonds to finance the development of a water system and improvements to its existing sewer system. As required by state law, Sterlington applied to the Louisiana State Bond Commission (SBC) for approval of the two offerings. The SEC alleged that Sterlington submitted false financial projections, created by Fletcher and Twin Spires, which substantially overstated the number of historical and projected sewer customers in order to mislead the SBC as to the town's ability to cover the debt service for the proposed bonds. The SEC alleged bond investors were not informed that SBC approval of the bonds was based on the false projections. SEC further alleged that Twin Spires and Fletcher provided municipal advisory services to Sterlington without Twin Spires being registered as a municipal advisor with the Commission.

https://www.finra.org/sites/default/files/fda_documents/2021072260201
%20Jared%20Winston%20CRD%207025143%20AWC%20va.pdfFor the purpose of proposing a settlement of rule violations alleged by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA"), without admitting or denying the findings, prior to a regulatory hearing, and without an adjudication of any issue, Jared Winston submitted a Letter of Acceptance, Waiver and Consent ("AWC"), which FINRA accepted. The AWC asserts that Jared Winston was first registered in 2018; and by June 2019, he was registered with Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated until his August 12, 2021 discharge. In accordance with the terms of the AWC, FINRA imposed upon Winston a Bar from associating with any FINRA member in all capacities. As alleged in part in the AWC:

Winston enrolled in the firm's childcare reimbursement program and identified a family friend as the informal childcare provider. Each time Winston applied for childcare reimbursement, he clicked a box certifying that he had read the program guidelines and would "only submit expenses for reimbursement which are eligible for reimbursement" under the program. Nonetheless, during the relevant period, Winston applied for childcare reimbursement from Merrill Lynch on approximately 20 days during which he did not pay for childcare and therefore was not entitled to reimbursement from the firm. For those days, the firm paid Winston approximately $2,000 in reimbursement, which Winston retained in his bank account for personal use. As a result, Winston converted the firm's funds. 

Therefore, Winston violated FINRA Rule 2010. 


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September 19, 2022

https://www.brokeandbroker.com/6673/sec-owb-oig/
The SEC's Office of Inspector General issued a scathing investigative report about the SEC's former Ombudsman. What's set out in the OIG report is just another sordid example of piss-poor management whereby large government bureaucracies are run by folks lacking the ability to effectively manage their agencies. The allegations of misconduct at the SEC's Office of the Ombudsman from 2017 through 2020 during the tenure of former SEC Chair Jay Clayton are disconcerting enough; however, in 2022, we now wrestle with SEC Chair Gary Gensler's lack of disclosure to Congress about OIG's investigative findings during his September 15, 2022, Senate Banking Committee testimony. Gensler's omission is all the more troubling because the former SEC Ombudsman had presented misleading information in four Annual Reports to the Congress. 

https://www.sec.gov/news/speech/gensler-remarks-iilp-roundtable-091522

Good afternoon. It is my pleasure to welcome you to today's event with the Institute for Inclusion in the Legal Profession (IILP). My thanks to Sandra Yamate and the entire IILP team for the invitation to participate in this important event.

As is customary, I'd like to note that my views are my own, and I am not speaking on behalf of my fellow Commissioners or Securities and Exchange Commission staff.

To me, the mission of the SEC relates directly to diversity, equity, and inclusion. We work every day to protect investors and facilitate capital formation across the spectrum of communities that make America strong, including underserved communities. With respect to the middle part of our mission-to maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets-fairness literally is embedded in our mission.

In promoting fairness and efficiency, it is important that access to our more than $100 trillion capital markets is inclusive. It means that brokers and investment advisers provide services fairly and equitably. It means that entrepreneurs and companies of every size can tap into our capital markets to fund their ideas and innovations. It means that investors have access to the fair, full, and material information that they need to make informed investing decisions.

Diversity, equity, and inclusion are important not only to our agency's mission but also to our agency's makeup. The most important asset at the SEC is our remarkable staff. In recent years, we have made important gains to help ensure that the agency is a place where everyone on the staff can bring their whole selves to work, make their mark in public service, and rise in the profession, including into senior leadership.

We strive to be a model workplace at the SEC. That means tapping into the commitment of talented individuals of every background. We are dedicated to serving the American public, and we enhance that service when we draw upon every community across our nation.

Building upon earlier efforts, we have made progress with respect to diversity and representation among our senior management, advisory committees, and our Commissioners. We continue to implement our first-ever Diversity and Inclusion Strategic Plan, which the SEC published in 2020. In the near future, we will begin the planning process for the next Diversity and Inclusion Strategic Plan for fiscal years 2023-2025.

We want to make sure that career opportunities like internships are accessible for all. Therefore, we launched a paid internship program, and we have made efforts to ensure that these internships are available to all interested students, including those from underserved communities. We also have enhanced our inclusion-focused efforts regarding our recruiting and financial education programming.

Furthermore, we continue our ongoing work with regulated entities through the Diversity Assessment Report process, through which entities voluntarily provide self-assessments of their diversity policies and practices.

I am proud of the progress we have made. I am also proud that, in recent years, including this year, our staff has rated the SEC among the best places to work in the federal government. We have more work to do, and I look forward to working across the agency to advance these goals.

Throughout all of our work, we benefit from public engagement and public comment, including through venues and conversations like today's concerning the legal profession. I wish you a productive and thoughtful roundtable discussion.

Thank you.

Bill Singer's Comment: Memo to Chair Gensler, when you state "The most important asset at the SEC is our remarkable staff. In recent years, we have made important gains to help ensure that the agency is a place where everyone on the staff can bring their whole selves to work, make their mark in public service, and rise in the profession, including into senior leadership," are you discounting and/or factoring in the troubling revelations in "SEC Investigative Summary" (August 29, 2022) 

U.S. Promoter of Foreign Cryptocurrency Company Sentenced to Prison for Role in Fraud Scheme (DOJ Release)
https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdca/pr/us-promoter-foreign-cryptocurrency-company-sentenced-prison-role-fraud-scheme
Glenn Arcaro, 44, pled guilty in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California to Southern District of California to conspiracy to commit wire fraud; and he was sentenced to 38 month in prison. As alleged in part in the DOJ Release, Arcaro had:

conspired with others to exploit investor interest in cryptocurrency by fraudulently marketing BitConnect's proprietary coin offering and digital currency exchange as a lucrative investment. Arcaro and others misled investors about BitConnect's "Lending Program." Under this program, Arcaro touted BitConnect's purported proprietary technology, known as the "BitConnect Trading Bot" and "Volatility Software," as being able to generate substantial profits and guaranteed returns by using investors' money to trade on the volatility of cryptocurrency exchange markets.

In truth, however, BitConnect operated a textbook Ponzi scheme by paying earlier BitConnect investors with money from later investors. Furthermore, Arcaro and others ensured up to 15 percent of the money invested into BitConnect went directly into a slush fund to be used for the benefit of the owner and promoters of BitConnect. The BitConnect Ponzi scheme ensnared 4,154 victims from 95 countries making it a true worldwide Ponzi scheme.

. . .

Arcaro admitted that he earned no less than $24 million from the BitConnect scheme, all of which, according to court documents, will now be repaid to investors in restitution or forfeited to the government. Arcaro took steps to transmit the BitConnect proceeds that he earned to offshore accounts, transform some of the proceeds into precious metals storage, and obtain foreign passports. Arcaro's goal was to avoid paying federal and state income taxes on his income earned from the scheme and to shield his assets from collection by the Internal Revenue Service.

The United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois entered a judgment against William Thomas Caniff and his company, Berkley Capital Management, LLC ("BCM"), and two investment pools that BCM operated: BBOT 1, LP ("BBOT") and Berkley II, LP ("Berkley II").
https://www.cftc.gov/media/7641/enfcanifforder082922/download The Order requires Defendants to pay $2,598,632 in restitution and a $3.6 million civil monetary penalty. Separately, the Court entered a Consent Order against Caniff's partner, Arie Bos
https://www.cftc.gov/media/7636/enfbosconsentorder091422/download, who will be jointly and severally liable to pay the $2,598,632 in restitution in addition to a $500,000 civil monetary penalty. As alleged in part in the CFTC Release:

[I]n January 2016, Caniff formed a partnership with Bos called BCM, which offered two pools for trading foreign exchange binary options through accounts at the North American Derivatives Exchange (NADEX). Caniff, a convicted felon, opened a trading account at NADEX by making false statements to NADEX that concealed his criminal record.  

From approximately February 2016 through September 2018, Bos solicited 58 pool participants who paid more than $3.3 million to invest in these pools. All of the participants were in the Netherlands with the exception of one U.S. participant. Caniff was purportedly trading their funds at NADEX. However, rather than depositing their funds in the account he opened at NADEX, Caniff simply misappropriated participants' funds and used them to pay himself approximately $1.2 million and Bos approximately $1.1 million. 

To conceal the misappropriation, Caniff sent bogus trading results to Bos who, in turn, reported false profits and exaggerated pool values to participants. For example, Bos reported profits for months in which there was no trading; grossly exaggerated the size of the fund by claiming a value of $5.5 million in 2016 when the fund's account balance was less than $278,000; and reported an average rate of return of 10% in 2016 when there was, in fact, a negative rate of return. The order finds that Bos committed fraud by ignoring numerous red flags that should have prompted him to seek corroboration of BCM's purported profits at NADEX. Bos was also found to have issued false BCM account statements to participants. The court's order against Caniff also found that Caniff made a false statement to NADEX.

Parallel Criminal Actions

Caniff is facing charges in two criminal cases related to this binary options fraud scheme. In United States v. Caniff, 2:21-cr-00121-MHW (S.D. Ohio, June 30, 2021), a jury trial is scheduled in Ohio on October 31, 2022, where Caniff faces charges of wire fraud and money laundering. In United States v. Caniff, 1:19-cr-00332 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 17, 2019), a criminal case is also pending against Caniff who was charged with making a false statement on his application to open a NADEX trading account. 

https://www.finra.org/sites/default/files/fda_documents/2018058988301
%20Solomon%20Wei-En%20Hua%20CRD%206168816%20AWC%20gg.pdf
For the purpose of proposing a settlement of rule violations alleged by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA"), without admitting or denying the findings, prior to a regulatory hearing, and without an adjudication of any issue, Solomon Wei-En Hua submitted a Letter of Acceptance, Waiver and Consent ("AWC"), which FINRA accepted. The AWC asserts that Solomon Wei-En Hua entered the industry in 2013, and by April 2016, he was registered with Wells Fargo Clearing Services, LLC. In accordance with the terms of the AWC, FINRA imposed upon Hua a $15,000 fine, $61,543.07 disgorgement, and a one-year suspension from associating with any FINRA member in all capacities. As alleged in part in the "Overview" portion of the AWC:

During the period July 27, 2016 to March 13, 2018, Hua recommended new issue preferred securities (NIPs) to his customers without a reasonable basis to believe that the securities were suitable, in violation of FINRA Rules 2111 and 2010. 

Additionally, Hua sent unwarranted and misleading communications regarding NIPs and other securities, in violation of FINRA Rules 2210(d)(1)(A) and (B) and 2010. 

Hua also used his personal cell phone to communicate with a customer regarding firm business, without notice or approval by his firm, thereby causing the firm to maintain incomplete books and records. As a result, Hua violated FINRA Rules 4511 and 2010. 

Deputy Head of FINRA Enforcement Chris Kelly  talks about what makes cases against individual brokers different from those brought against firms and all the considerations involved.